How does prayer work?

from the old testament

• Moses had full conversations with God and asked many questions (Exodus 3—4; 33:11). We can do the same.
• Sometimes, God doesn’t answer our prayers immediately, but we must still have faith, such as when Elijah sincerely prayed for rain after more than three years of drought and God granted His request (1 Kings 18:42–46).
• Scripture shows that believers should bring heartfelt prayers of supplication to God. Hannah did this to plead with God for a child, and God granted her request (1 Samuel 1:10). Of course, we shouldn’t always expect God to give us what we plead for. While we may think we know what is best for us, God alone actually knows, and His will doesn’t always coincide with our desires.
• King David wrote many psalms that were honest prayers about his situation, his sin, and his enemies (e.g., Psalm 3; 7; 38). We can pour out our innermost feelings and thoughts to God.

from the new testament

• Jesus warned against praying for show or recognition (Matthew 6:5–6). Prayer is for communicating with God, not looking good in front of others.
• Jesus also cautioned against using endless, meaningless words in our prayers (Matthew 6:7–8), as if prayer is a magical incantation. We should pursue real communication with God.
• We are to pray for God’s will to be done, even if it does not align with what we want, as Jesus did in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26:36–46). We are to echo His example.
• We are to pray in the name of Jesus (John 14:13–14), recognizing our position in Christ.
• In Acts 12:5–17, a group of believers prayed for Peter while He was in prison and God set Him free. Whether in a group or individually, God hears the prayers of His children (James 5:16).
• Believers should lift up to God our anxiety, supplications, and thanksgiving (Philippians 4:6)
• Our prayers shouldn’t be just reserved for specific times or occasions–e.g., before meals, before we sleep, etc. We are to pray without ceasing (1 Thessalonians 5:17). God can hear our prayers even if they’re silent.
• Paul exhorted Timothy to pray for others (1 Timothy 2:1–4). This extends to family, friends, church family, unbelievers, those in high places of authority, and even our enemies (Matthew 5:44).
• We are to pray boldly because of our new identity in Christ and our access to God the Father through Jesus Christ (Hebrews 4:14–16).

implications for today

The Bible gives us examples of, instructions on, and warnings about prayer. Scripture presents many examples of answered prayers, such as God rescuing the Israelites from their enemies or God extending mercy and forgiveness. But God also declines certain prayers, such as when He did not save the life of the child David had with Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:16–18). God did not grant Jesus’ plea to be spared from His pending persecution and death. But Jesus humbly submitted Himself to His Father’s will, which was to provide salvation for humanity through Jesus’ sacrifice (John 10:11–18; Hebrews 12:1–2).

Today, we can pray with assurance because of who God is, not because we have prayed “correctly.” We are praying to One who is faithful, true, powerful, loving, generous, mighty, and so much more. The power of prayer is the God to whom we pray, not our words. God hears us loud and clear, and He will act in accordance with His timing, will, and salvation plan for humanity—which is good, just like He is good. As His children, we can be confident that He will act out of love for us: “And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose” (Romans 8:28).