What is wisdom literature?

from the old testament

• Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, and parts of Psalms all belong to the genre of wisdom literature. The book of Ruth is also included in the wisdom literature in the Hebrew Bible.
• Wisdom literature differs from other books in the Old Testament in that the authors were sages, rather than prophets or priests. Priests and prophets typically dealt with religious and moral concerns (e.g., Ezekiel 22:26; Amos 3:7), whereas sages generally focused on the practical aspects of how to live and the intellectual challenges that arise when contemplating the human experience (Proverbs 1:2–7; Ecclesiastes 1:12–18).
• Sages often used their observations of the natural world, as well as their lived experience, to share common sense thinking and practical solutions. Solomon, the principal writer of Proverbs, states in Proverbs 1:2–4 his purpose in writing the book: "To know wisdom and instruction, to understand words of insight, to receive instruction in wise dealing, in righteousness, justice, and equity; to give prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the youth." The wisdom these sages shared was meant to have practical applications for how all people lived their daily lives. It was not to be reserved for only the intellectuals or well-taught adults but was also for the "simple" and the "youth." The wisdom shared was meant to produce a society filled with righteousness, justice, and equity. Living in the fear of God is where wisdom begins (Proverbs 1:7).

from the new testament

• In the New Testament, James states, "If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him" (James 1:5). Wisdom comes from God, and He desires His people to have it. God has graciously given us His words in the Bible, and that includes the wisdom literature books therein.

implications for today

Living wisely matters because it helps us navigate the complexities and challenges of life with clarity and purpose. When we apply the principles found in the Bible’s wisdom literature, we see the wisdom God has for us. We make decisions that honor God and promote peace, integrity, and healthy relationships. Wisdom guides us to avoid harmful choices and their consequences, leading to a more fulfilling and stable life. It also equips us to handle difficult situations with patience and understanding, reducing unnecessary stress and conflict. Living this way honors God and shows us what life was meant to be like. Although the wisdom in these books is not guaranteed, they reveal an ideal to strive for amid the realities of living in a fallen, broken world.

Living wisely reflects our trust in God and His guidance, rather than in our limited human perspective. In this way, we live according to God’s will, allowing us to experience His blessings and protection. Wisdom shapes not only how we live, but also how we influence others, demonstrating a life grounded in truth and love. In a world full of uncertainty, choosing to live wisely anchors us in a firm foundation and helps us fulfill the purpose God has for each of us.