Does the Bible say anything about using or being a surrogate mother?

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TL;DR:

Children are gifts from God, not goals to be achieved by any means. While surrogacy can satisfy deep desires, God ultimately calls us to trust His timing and purpose, rather than trying to take control of creation. The decision for surrogacy requires wisdom.

from the old testament

  • The Bible describes children as a heritage and reward from the Lord (Psalm 127:3), and the fruit of the womb is called a blessing (Deuteronomy 7:13). Children are described as being the future hope and strength for families and nations (Psalm 128:3–4).
  • God opens and closes the womb (Genesis 29:31), and especially in Old Testament times, bearing children was often a sign of God’s favor and covenant blessing (Genesis 17:6; Exodus 23:26).
  • Sarah longed for a child and struggled with barrenness until God fulfilled His promise through Isaac (Genesis 18:10–14; 21:1–2).
  • Rebekah was barren until Isaac prayed for her, and the Lord granted her twins, Jacob and Esau (Genesis 25:21).
  • Rachel cried out, “Give me children, or I shall die!” expressing her deep desire for motherhood (Genesis 30:1–2, 22–23).
  • Hannah wept and prayed fervently for a son, and God blessed her with Samuel, whom she dedicated to the Lord (1 Samuel 1:10–11, 20).
  • God is creatively and intimately involved in forming life in the womb (Psalm 139:13–16).
  • The closest biblical account to surrogacy is found in the story of Abraham and Sarah, who were unable to conceive despite God’s promise of descendants (Genesis 16:1–2). In an effort to fulfill this promise, Sarah gave her servant Hagar to Abraham to bear a child on her behalf—a common practice for addressing infertility in that time. However, this arrangement led to heartache, jealousy, and conflict between Sarah and Hagar (Genesis 16:4–6). Eventually, Hagar and her son Ishmael were sent away (Genesis 21:9–14). Likewise, modern surrogacy can bring emotional pain and confusion, though many surrogate mothers and couples today are able to maintain their agreed-upon roles with peace and mutual satisfaction.
  • The Bible says nothing directly about being or using a surrogate mother. In Psalm 127:3, we see that children are a gift to couples and not everyone is blessed with them.
  • Using a surrogate mother brings a third parent into the family relationship. The Bible defines marriage as between two people, and children can be a result of that union (Genesis 1:28; 2:24). One has to be clear on what the expectations for the surrogate mother are before beginning the process.

from the new testament

  • Elizabeth, though advanced in years, longed for a child and rejoiced when God gave her John the Baptist (Luke 1:5–7, 24–25).
  • Mary rejoiced in being chosen to bear the Son of God, seeing her pregnancy as part of God’s mercy and fulfillment of His promises (Luke 1:46–49).
  • Jesus affirmed that children embody the humility and faith needed to enter the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 19:13–14).
  • Christian families in the New Testament are encouraged to raise children in the “discipline and instruction of the Lord” (Ephesians 6:4), reflecting the ongoing view of children as a gift to be nurtured in faith.

implications for today

Surrogacy has raised significant moral, ethical, and emotional concerns. It often leads to the exploitation of women’s bodies, turning the sacred role of motherhood into a commercial transaction and treating children as commodities. In many cases, the process prioritizes the desires of those who can afford it over God’s design, the dignity of the woman involved, and the well-being of the child. What was once viewed as an act of compassion has, in some instances, become a profitable industry—one that asks women to sacrifice their bodies and lives for nine months, while remaining accessible primarily to the wealthy.

Surrogacy can make it possible for a couple to have a child, but it raises an important question: what about God’s plan? Should a couple continue to pursue having children when God has not opened the door for them biologically? In some cases, surrogacy is chosen not out of necessity, but out of convenience for those who wish to avoid the challenges and physical effects of pregnancy. In such situations, surrogacy can shift from being about building a family to serving comfort, control, or personal preference. It also brings physical and emotional risks for the surrogate mother and often lacks sufficient legal protection, leaving room for exploitation or disputes. Moreover, surrogacy tends to prioritize adult desires over the child’s well-being, especially when the baby is separated from the woman who carried him or her for nine months. While surrogacy may fulfill a deep longing for children, Scripture reminds us that just because something is possible does not mean it is right (1 Corinthians 10:23). We are called to trust God’s design and timing, even when His plan differs from our own.

The growing trend of surrogacy is also being used to create motherless or fatherless homes, with people using the service of surrogacy to have a child outside of marriage. This contradicts God’s design for the family, which He established as the union of one man and one woman raising children together (Genesis 2:24; Matthew 19:4–6; Ephesians 5:31–33).

From a biblical and pro-life standpoint, surrogacy—often tied to IVF—also poses problems. It involves the creation and destruction of embryos, conflicting with the truth that life begins at conception (Psalm 139:13–16; Jeremiah 1:5).

A couple considering surrogacy or using a surrogate mother should pray for wisdom and allow God to reveal the longings in their hearts, seeking what He wants them to do about them. How should they respond to the fact that they cannot have children? Would surrogacy please God, or is it a desire to control and have something God did not make possible for them to have? Those considering surrogacy should seek wise counsel from others, ask necessary questions, and wait for God's clear direction before proceeding in faith in whatever way He calls.

understand

  • Children are a gift from God, not a human entitlement.
  • Surrogacy raises moral, ethical, and emotional concerns.
  • Decisions about surrogacy require prayer, wisdom, and trust in God.

reflect

  • How do you view the desire for children and the heartache of infertility?
  • If you or someone you love struggled with infertility, how would you respond to the possibility of pursuing surrogacy?
  • How do you trust God’s wisdom and guidance when making difficult decisions about family and children?

engage

  • How do we balance the desire for children with trusting God’s timing and plan for families?
  • What are the moral and emotional implications of surrogacy for everyone involved—the child, the surrogate, and the intended parents?
  • How can we support couples facing infertility in ways that honor God’s design for family and life?