What spirits in prison did Jesus preach to between His death and resurrection? Are the spirits in prison related to the Nephilim?

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TL;DR:

Jesus proclaimed victory over the demonic spirits in prison between His death and resurrection. Jesus’ death conquered sin and death, and His enemies, including the spirits in prison, are a defeated foe.

from the old testament

  • The spirits in prison are connected to the Nephilim described in Genesis 6:1–4.

from the new testament

  • First Peter 3:19 mentions the spirits in prison. It says "he [Jesus] went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison." During the three days between His death and resurrection, Jesus went to the realm of the dead (Hades or Sheol)
  • The word translated "spirits" in this passage is from the Greek pneumasin, and it means "air, breath, wind." This word is used to refer to true spiritual beings, including angels (Hebrews 1:14) and demons (Mark 1:23) and Jesus' spirit (Matthew 27:50) or the Holy Spirit (John 14:17). The passage is referring to spiritual entities, not the spirits of human beings, who are never referred to as "spirits" even after death. The usage of the word tells us that the spirits in prison are not, and never were, human beings. If the spirits in prison are not human or holy angels, there is only one option: they are demons.
  • Jude 1:6 says, "And the angels who did not stay within their own position of authority, but left their proper dwelling, he has kept in eternal chains under gloomy darkness until the judgment of the great day." This is speaking about a group of demons who did something grievous, and earned eternal imprisonment. This passage is very similar to the one in 1 Peter 3:19–20.
  • First Peter 3:20 gives a description of the "spirits in prison." They are those who "formerly did not obey, when God's patience waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared." This is another major clue as to the identity of the spirits in prison. If their sin was committed during the days of Noah, specifically while "God's patience waited" during the building of the ark, it is likely that the spirits in prison are the same spirits who "saw that the daughters of man were attractive" and "took as their wives any they chose" and produced children who were giants and very mighty. These were called Nephilim, and apparently contributed greatly to the wickedness on the earth in those days (Genesis 6:1–4). The spirits in prison abandoned their proper dwelling place to do whatever they did to earn their imprisonment. It is very likely that the "spirits in prison" are the same spirits who left the spiritual realms to mate with human women and produce unholy children, the Nephilim.

implications for today

Reflecting on the connection between the spirits in prison and the Nephilim described in Genesis 6:1–4, we are reminded of the seriousness of straying from God’s design and purpose. The imprisonment of these rebellious spiritual beings demonstrates the gravity of disobedience and the consequences of defying divine order. In our own lives, this serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of remaining faithful to God’s guidance and avoiding actions that lead us away from His will. Just as these spirits faced judgment for their transgressions, we are called to live in alignment with God’s commands, seeking His grace and avoiding the pitfalls of disobedience. This awareness invites us to reflect on our choices, ensuring that our actions honor God and contribute to His purposes rather than opposing them.

understand

  • The spirits in prison are rebellious demons, not human souls or holy angels.
  • They are likely the same beings from Genesis 6:1–4 who intermarried with humans and produced the Nephilim.
  • Their imprisonment reflects God's judgment on their severe disobedience and rebellion.

reflect

  • How does the reality of Jesus proclaiming victory over demonic spirits impact your understanding of spiritual victory in your own life?
  • What can you learn from the consequences faced by the rebellious spirits about staying true to God's guidance and avoiding actions that lead you away from His will?
  • How can reflecting on the judgment of the spirits in prison inspire you to examine your own life choices and ensure they align with God's commands?

engage

  • What theological implications arise from the connection between the spirits in prison and the Nephilim described in Genesis 6:1–4?
  • In what ways does the New Testament’s portrayal of Jesus preaching to the spirits in prison enrich our understanding of His role in defeating evil and securing salvation?
  • Mormons teach that the spirits in prison are deceased individuals who did not have the opportunity to hear the gospel while alive and that they can be redeemed through proxy baptisms performed by living Mormons. This teaching is incorrect because it misunderstands the nature of the "spirits in prison" mentioned in the New Testament; these spirits are believed to be rebellious demons, not human souls, and thus not subject to salvation through such rites. Additionally, the New Testament emphasizes the finality of judgment for these spirits rather than an opportunity for posthumous conversion. The New Testament also speaks of the finality of judgment for humans after death, giving no indication of opportunity for salvation after death (Luke 16:19–31; Hebrews 9:27). Too, salvation is always presented as an individual matter, not something that can be acquired on behalf of another person (John 3:16–18, 36). While water baptism is important for believers (Matthew 28:19–20), it is not salvific (Ephesians 2:1–10). So this Mormon teaching is unbiblical on many levels.