What does Ephesians 4:26 mean when it says in your anger do not sin?

from the old testament

• Psalm 4:4 says, “Be angry, and do not sin; ponder in your own hearts on your beds, and be silent.” David likely wrote these words when he was fleeing for his life from his own son, Absalom, who attempted to usurp David’s kingdom. If anyone had the right to be angry, David did. But David recognized that to feel anger is different from acting on it. The latter causes us to sin.
• Many of the proverbs, such as Proverbs 29:11, speak of the foolishness of venting one’s anger: “A fool gives full vent to his spirit, but a wise man quietly holds it back.” Later the New Testament book of Galatians confirms this teaching by listing “self-control” as one of the fruits of the Spirit (see Galatians 5:23). Anger should be addressed but not expressed unrighteously.

from the new testament

• In Paul’s letter to believers in Ephesus, he includes this advice: “Be angry and do not sin; do not let the sun go down on your anger” (Ephesians 4:26). This verse addresses how we choose to handle our anger. We will all be angry at one time or another, but we must handle it in God-honoring and constructive ways. Dwelling on it can lead to bitterness, slander, gossip, unforgiveness, and hatred. As Paul implies, the longer we hold onto it, the more likely we are to give the devil a foothold in our lives (Ephesians 4:27).
• In Matthew 5:23–24, Jesus presents the way to handle anger among believers: “So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar and go. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.” The teaching here is to not allow anger to fester and, in doing so, allow Satan the opportunity to sow dissension among believers. Instead, anger should be addressed in a way that honors the Lord.
• But it isn’t just among brothers that we should control our anger, as explained in Hebrews 12:14–15: "Strive for peace with everyone, and for the holiness without which no one will see the Lord. See to it that no one fails to obtain the grace of God; that no 'root of bitterness' springs up and causes trouble, and by it many become defiled." Our witness to nonbelievers is damaged when we allow our anger free reign.
• James 1:19–20 offers sage advice: “Know this, my beloved brothers: let every person be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger; for the anger of man does not produce the righteousness of God.” Anger is opposed to righteousness. Listening more and speaking less, especially when angry, is wise.

implications for today

The Bible teaches us not to vent our anger but to instead address it righteously. A good rule of thumb when dealing with anger is to ask, “Will what I’m about to do/say glorify God?” When we coarsely gesture, scream at others, or shun those who irritate us, we aren’t showing the love of Christ. Allowing anger to fester offers Satan an opportunity to sow disunity and strife in the body of believers (Ephesians 4:27). Uncontrolled anger doesn’t rightly reflect God or serve His purposes; it also leads to a bad witness. Imagine what nonbelievers think when they see Christians treating one another or strangers in ways that dishonor the Lord. They may wonder how what we’re offering differs from what the world is offering. We need to show them the distinction by acknowledging our anger and addressing the cause of it, but with self-control and kindness. We should never allow anger to grow into something Satan can use against us. As Scripture teaches, we will all feel angry at times, but we should always address it in righteousness.