What does it mean that we cannot be disciples if we do not hate our father and mother (Luke 14:26)?

from the old testament

• The statement that we cannot be Jesus' disciples if we do not hate father and mother is not found in the Old Testament.

from the new testament

• Luke 14:26 is Jesus speaking, and it reads, “If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, yes, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple.” The strong statement about hating family members can be concerning when not understanding what Jesus is doing.
• Jesus often employs hyperbole, the rhetorical device of exaggeration, to make His point. In this example of hyperbole, Jesus was stressing that our allegiance to Him should be over even our allegiance to family. A disciple obeys his master completely, and therefore, a true disciple of Jesus follows Him even if it means departing from one’s family.
• Just before this passage, Jesus was giving a parable about a great banquet (Luke 14:16–24). In that story, guests who had been invited to the banquet in advance made various excuses for not attending once the banquet arrived. The contextual purpose of that parable was to illustrate how God had promised the Jews a kingdom through a Messiah who would save them, but how the Jewish leaders had rejected Him when He arrived, being pulled away by their own traditions (i.e., Luke 14:1–6). With that as background, Jesus taught that even family or life itself is not more important than following Jesus.
• After the statement about hating one’s parents, Jesus further explained, saying that being His disciple means counting the cost (Luke 14:27–32). Just as a builder doesn’t start building until he has worked out construction costs, and as a king doesn’t start fighting without determining that he can win, a disciple of Jesus is not to start down the road of discipleship unless he or she is committed to doing so. Jesus ended by saying, “Therefore, any one of you who does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple” (Luke 14:33).
• The believer must be willing to go “all in” with Jesus, even if that means losing his or her family or life. In Matthew 10:37–38, Jesus explained His statement in Luke 14. He said, “Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. And whoever does not take his cross and follow me is not worthy of me.” Being Jesus’ disciple requires one's full commitment.
• Jesus Himself illustrated what such a commitment looks like. In Mark 3:31, we read, “And his mother and his brothers came, and standing outside they sent to him and called him.” And yet, when the crowd let Him know they were looking for Him (Mark 3:32), He replied, “Who are my mother and my brothers?” (Mark 3:33). He was not denying that they were His family, but was using that as a teaching moment. Mark continues, “looking about at those who sat around him, he said, ‘Here are my mother and my brothers! For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother and sister and mother’” (Mark 3:34–35). Jesus was demonstrating how the disciple-master relationship is to be prioritized even over familial relationships.

implications for today

Families are so important to us, as they should be. God designed family as a primary place of love, support, and formation, and Scripture consistently calls us to honor and care for our parents and relatives. So you can see why Jesus’ statement to “hate” our father and mother is so striking—it confronts the deepest loyalties we naturally assume should always come first.

Jesus is not calling us to reject or mistreat our families but to make clear that even our strongest earthly bonds must remain secondary to our allegiance to Him. There may be moments when following Christ creates tension with family expectations, values, or approval, and in those moments, discipleship asks us to choose obedience to Him above all else. This kind of priority does not diminish love for family; instead, it rightly orders it under the Lord who gave us our families in the first place. And when that ordering feels costly and others do not understand, Jesus reminds us that He is worth every loss that comes with following Him.