The effectual calling / call – What is it?

TL;DR:

The effectual call is God’s powerful, personal drawing of sinners to Himself, enabling them to respond in faith. The effectual call is not just an invitation but an action of God that leads to salvation and a transformed life.

what does the bible say?

The effectual call is God’s personal and powerful drawing of sinners to Himself, initiating a response of faith that leads to salvation. Jesus emphasized that no one can come to Him unless drawn by the Father. This call is not a mere invitation but a decisive action of God, working in the hearts of people to enable repentance and belief. The effectual call demonstrates that salvation begins entirely with God’s initiative, ensuring that His purposes in calling His people are fully accomplished.

from the old testament

The Old Testament does not use the exact term “effectual calling,” but it provides a foundation for understanding God’s initiative in calling people to Himself. For example, we see that God chooses and calls people according to His purpose – Individuals like Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3), Moses (Exodus 3:4-10), and Samuel (1 Samuel 3:1-10) were called by God for specific purposes, illustrating that God initiates the relationship.
When God calls, He accomplishes His purposes. For example, Israel was called out of Egypt to become His people (Exodus 6:6-7).
While people respond to God’s call, their ability to follow often depends on God’s empowering presence, as seen with prophets and leaders who were strengthened by God to obey His call (Isaiah 6:8; Jeremiah 1:5-8).

from the new testament

The effectual call is necessary to our faith walk. Jesus speaks of its importance in John 6:44 when He says, "No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him."
The effectual call is God's drawing of a sinner to salvation. The term effectual call comes from Chapter X of the 1647 Westminster Confession of Faith. This call conquers the sinner's desire to rebel, and the sinner is led to put his or her faith in Christ with a willing heart. The effectual call is described many times in Scripture. Paul mentions it in Philippians 2:13, saying, "for it is God who works in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure."
God's will must be impressed on the natural state of humanity for people to react to God's message of love and hope. Paul speaks of this in 2 Timothy 2:24–26. He writes that "the Lord's servant must not be quarrelsome but kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring evil, correcting his opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant them repentance leading to a knowledge of the truth, and they may come to their senses and escape from the snare of the devil, after being captured by him to do his will."
God is the one who grants repentance that leads to knowing the truth. Peter also clarifies this phenomenon when he says that God "called us to his own glory and excellence" (2 Peter 1:3). The word "called" in this verse is the Greek word kaleo. Kaleo is the expression of God calling sinners. In this passage, kaleo is used in participial form, which means that God is the subject and God is impressing the effectual call onto sinners. This leads them to salvation. Rather than being invited to God, the word kaleo is a much stronger action. The correct understanding is that God is calling or drawing someone to Him rather than simply inviting someone to Him.
Humankind, without God, is "dead in the trespasses and sins" (Ephesians 2:1). Apart from God no one seeks for God (Romans 3:10-11). People cannot reach out to God or understand the gospel message apart from His work in our lives. God provides the calling and the knowledge for humans to respond to Him.

implications for today

The general call of the gospel that everyone has the capability of hearing is different from the effectual call that leads to salvation. Jesus stated, "For many are called, but few are chosen" (Matthew 22:14). In this verse Jesus is saying that few have experienced the effectual call, although many have heard the gospel message. Romans 1:6 also teaches the effectual call when Paul writes to those "who are called to belong to Jesus Christ." Acts 16:14 alludes to the effectual call when Luke describes Lydia's heart being opened by the Lord so she could respond to Paul's message. These examples show that God's calling is a definitive action toward those He saves. He chose His children in Christ, "before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him" (Ephesians 1:4).

No one can turn to God without God first impressing Himself on them. Everyone is capable of hearing the gospel (John 3:16), but because of humanity's sinful nature no one turns to God apart from His effectual call.

understand

The effectual call is God’s personal, powerful drawing of sinners to faith and salvation.
God initiates and empowers His chosen people to accomplish His purposes.
The effectual call ensures that salvation is fully God’s work.

reflect

How have you experienced God’s drawing in your own life, and how has it shaped your faith?
In what areas of your life do you need to recognize God’s empowering presence to respond to His call?
How does understanding that salvation is fully God’s work affect your trust in Him and your sense of security in your faith?

engage

Christians interpret “calling” differently. Some believe that God’s call is universal and resistible, meaning everyone is called to salvation and anyone can choose to respond or reject the call. Others, particularly in Reformed theology with those holding to five-point Calvinism, hold that the effectual call is irresistible and only extends to those God has chosen for salvation. In what ways might believing that God’s call is resistible versus irresistible change how we view the nature of faith and our response to the gospel?
The effectual call does not force anyone into salvation; rather, it is God’s powerful and loving work in a person’s heart that enables them to willingly respond in faith. How does understanding that God draws rather than coerces change the way you view His work in your own life or in the lives of others?
How does understanding the difference between the general call of the gospel and God’s effectual call help us recognize God’s initiative and our responsibility in salvation?