Biblical exegesis is the careful, step-by-step process of uncovering the Bible’s original meaning using principles like literal, grammatical, historical, synthesis, and practical interpretation. Biblical exegesis ensures we understand Scripture in its true context and accurately apply it to our lives.
The word "exegesis" refers to an explanation. Biblical exegesis is the work of investigating the biblical text in order to provide an understanding and explanation. Exegesis is a part of the process of hermeneutics, the science of interpretation. A person who conducts biblical exegesis may be called an exegete.
The actual process of biblical exegesis is referred to in Scripture. Second Timothy 2:15 commands readers, "Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth." The longest chapter of the Bible, Psalm 119, focuses on God's words and the importance of studying them properly in order to honor God with one's life. Some examples of exegesis from Luke and Acts are below.
The process of biblical exegesis involves the following principles:
First is the grammatical principle, which focuses on the structure and rules of language. The words of the text are carefully defined according to their original intent, and the grammatical relationships of the words (syntax) are evaluated.
Second is the literal principle, which assumes that words have a normal, literal meaning unless there is a reason to view them as figurative. We take biblical text at face value unless the context gives a reason to understand it otherwise.
Third is the historical principle, which places the text in its historical setting. This considers the location, audience, and time of the book's writing. Understanding ancient Jewish culture helps to understand Scripture.
Fourth is the synthesis principle, which relates the passage to the broader context of the Bible. Context includes the surrounding verses, the book it is contained in, and the whole Bible. The meaning of a verse should be consistent with all Scripture.
Finally, is the practical principle, which emphasizes applying the text to one's life. The goal of biblical exegesis is to uncover the true meaning of the text and to apply it in a way that is faithful to the original intent of the author.