Is there proof for monotheism?

TL;DR:

Monotheism is the belief in one true God, who is the Creator, Sustainer, and Judge of all creation. This belief is supported by biblical, historical, and philosophical arguments.

Monotheism is the foundation of biblical teaching. The Bible is clear that there is only one God, as seen in passages such as Deuteronomy 6:4, which declares, "The LORD our God, the LORD is one," and 1 Timothy 2:5, which affirms, "For there is one God." Scripture consistently presents God as the sole Creator and Sustainer of the universe (Ephesians 4:6; Malachi 2:10). Jesus Himself upheld monotheism, teaching that He and the Father were one in purpose and essence (John 10:30). While some might argue that using the Bible to prove God’s existence is circular reasoning, the Bible’s supernatural preservation and the historical evidence surrounding Jesus Christ’s resurrection lend credence to its claims. Jesus’s resurrection serves as a powerful affirmation of His teachings, including His belief in monotheism (1 Corinthians 8:6).

from the old testament

Deuteronomy 6:4: "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one." This foundational verse, known as the Shema, emphasizes the oneness of God, central to Jewish and Christian belief.
Malachi 2:10: "Have we not all one Father? Has not one God created us?" This passage stresses God’s singular role as Creator, reinforcing monotheistic belief.

from the new testament

First Timothy 2:5: "For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus." This verse affirms both the oneness of God and Jesus’s unique role in mediating between God and humanity.
James 2:19: "You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe—and shudder!" This highlights the importance of monotheism while emphasizing that true belief involves more than just intellectual assent.

implications for today

Monotheism shapes how we understand our relationship with God and the world. It affirms that we are accountable to a single, sovereign Creator, who governs the universe with order and purpose. The belief in one God also offers assurance that there is no conflict or division in the divine nature. For believers, monotheism provides clarity in a world filled with competing ideologies and spiritual confusion, pointing us to the one true God, who calls us to worship Him alone (Deuteronomy 4:35).

Historically, monotheism has shaped the religious landscape, distinguishing Judaism, Christianity, and Islam from polytheistic belief systems. The rise of monotheistic faiths introduced a new moral framework, emphasizing accountability to one God, who governs the universe with order and purpose. Scholars like Ninian Smart have noted that the ethical implications of monotheism influence how adherents approach morality, community, and social justice.

Philosophically, monotheism addresses fundamental questions about existence and purpose. Thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas have argued that the existence of a single, sovereign God provides a necessary foundation for understanding morality and the nature of reality itself. Aquinas's Five Ways to demonstrate God's existence ultimately point to a singular source of being that sustains and orders creation. Contemporary philosophers like William Lane Craig emphasize that a monotheistic worldview offers coherence and intelligibility to our understanding of the universe, distinguishing it from the more fragmented or chaotic interpretations offered by atheistic or polytheistic perspectives.

In a world filled with competing ideologies and spiritual confusion, monotheism points us to Jesus, the one who is the way, the truth, and the life (John 14:6).

understand

Scripture clearly affirms the existence of one God.
The existence of a single God is essential for understanding morality and reality.
Monotheism provides a coherent worldview that stands in contrast to atheistic or polytheistic perspectives.

reflect

How does the belief in one true God shape your understanding of personal responsibility and accountability to Him?
How does acknowledging God's sovereignty bring you peace amidst the uncertainties of the world?
How can you strengthen your understanding and relationship with the one true God, as revealed in Scripture?

engage

How do the biblical affirmations of monotheism, such as Deuteronomy 6:4 and 1 Timothy 2:5, influence our faith and worship practices?
In what ways can we respond to the polytheistic or atheistic religions or ideologies in our culture while remaining grounded in the truth of one true God?
How can philosophical arguments for monotheism, like those presented by thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, enhance our understanding of morality and existence?