What is the lust of the flesh?

from the old testament

• Adam and Eve’s sin represents the self-centered gratification embodied in the phrase “lust of the flesh.” When Satan tempted Eve, his focus was on what eating the fruit would do for her. He said, “God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil” (Genesis 3:5). Eve then ate it because “the tree was to be desired to make one wise” (Genesis 3:6b). She wanted wisdom and was willing to break God’s command to get what she wanted.
• We see this same behavior throughout biblical history. For example, after God rescued Israel from the most powerful nation on earth at that time, rather than trusting God, they quickly started grumbling. While God miraculously fed them, they wanted more: “Now the rabble that was among them had a strong craving. And the people of Israel also wept again and said, ‘Oh that we had meat to eat! We remember the fish we ate in Egypt that cost nothing, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic. 6 But now our strength is dried up, and there is nothing at all but this manna to look at’” (Numbers 11:4–6). They desired what God had not provided them because they didn’t truly trust Him. They were only thinking about their own desires.
• The reason everyone is tempted to be self-centered is that “The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick; who can understand it?” (Jeremiah 17:9). At heart, people are sinful and thus only worried about themselves. This is in contrast to “the man who trusts in the LORD, whose trust is the LORD. He is like a tree planted by water, that sends out its roots by the stream, and does not fear when heat comes, for its leaves remain green, and is not anxious in the year of drought, for it does not cease to bear fruit” (Jeremiah 17:8). Trusting God means remaining rooted in him rather than obeying the whims of the flesh.

from the new testament

• First John 2:15–17 reads, “Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh and the desires of the eyes and pride of life—is not from the Father but is from the world. And the world is passing away along with its desires, but whoever does the will of God abides forever.”
• John effectively contrasts two forms of trust. The first is in the world and its desires. It’s a love for what the world loves. The second is in God and His desires. He desires us to love one another (1 John 2:10), which displays our love for Him (1 John 4:12). It is not wrong to love the good gifts God provides in this world (James 1:17), but trusting in them as if they are all there is reveals a heart that doesn’t trust in God for what is eternal.
• Within the portion about the world, John lists three attributes or desires that mark the world. When a person is also marked by them, that evidences their allegiance with the world against God. The first mark is “the lust of the flesh.”
• The words “lust” and “flesh” are both generic words in Greek—neither is inherently bad. “Lust” is epithumia, which means “desire” and can refer to good or bad desires. “Flesh” is sarx, and can refer to the body neutrally. Because John says that “lust of the flesh” is a characteristic of the world, he means it is a bad desire. But what is that desire?
• In English, “lust of the flesh” can sound particularly sexual in nature. However, John has in mind a focus on one’s well-being and one’s personal wants. While wanting to be healthy is not a bad desire, making everything about self is. Self-centered desire manifests itself in a “what’s best for me?” mindset. It can include everything from desiring sexual gratification from another person to being unwilling to be around “sinners” to being thought of well by peers. This is what is inherently behind living according to the flesh (Galatians 5:13—21; Colossians 3:5—11).
• This is in contrast to John’s message in this letter about loving others and considering their needs (1 John 3:17). Loving God is an other-person love, whereas the “lust of the flesh” is a selfward love.

implications for today

The lust of the flesh is not just about obvious temptations—it is about wanting what we want. It shows up anytime our own desires become more important than God’s will. It is the voice that says, “I want what I want when I want it,” whether that is comfort, attention, success, pleasure, control, or approval. These things are not always or inherently wrong; many are good gifts from God. However, the problem comes when we demand our way and fuel our flesh rather than trusting God with what He deems best.

Ultimately, the things of the flesh cannot satisfy us. Even when we get what we want, we realize that temporary pleasures cannot fill the deeper desires of our hearts. The lust of the flesh promises fulfillment but always leaves us wanting more because we were created to find our satisfaction in God. Following Jesus means recognizing when we are letting our desires drive us, surrendering our desires to Him, and trusting that His ways are better than the things we think we need. Instead of asking, “What will make me happy?” we look for what honors God and trust in His timing and way. Trusting Him is where we find freedom from the lust of the flesh—not by simply controlling our desires but by allowing God to reshape them so we desire what He desires and are satisfied in Him. Besides, what He has for us is far better than what we want in the moment.