Biblical numerology – What is it?

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TL;DR:

Scripture contains many recurring number patterns, each with its own meaning. However, biblical numerology is not secret code but rather patterns that point us to Jesus.

from the old testament

  • Here are some numbers and what they seem to represent in the Old Testament:
  • 3 - perfection
  • The Trinity (Genesis 1:26)
  • Jonah in the fish for three days (Jonah 1:17)
  • 7 – completion
  • Seven days of creation (Genesis 1:1-2:3)
  • Seventy (7 x 10) years in Babylon (Jeremiah 25:11-12)
  • 12 – fullness
  • Twelve tribes of Israel (Genesis 49:1-28)
  • 40 – testing/trial/preparation
  • Forty days of rain (Genesis 7:12)
  • Forty years in wilderness (Numbers 32:13)

from the new testament

  • Here are some numbers and what they seem to represent in the Old Testament:
  • 3 – perfection
  • The Trinity (Matthew 3:16-17)
  • Three temptations of Christ (Matthew 4:3-11)
  • Three close disciples (Matthew 17:1; 26:37)
  • Jesus, Moses and Elijah – Law, Prophets and Fulfillment (Matthew 17:3)
  • Jesus was in the tomb for three days (Matthew 12:40)
  • 7 - completion
  • Seven statements of Jesus on the cross
  • “My God, my God why have You forsaken me?” (Mark 15:34)
  • “Today, you will be with me in paradise” (Luke 23:43)
  • “Woman, behold your son” (John 19:26)
  • “I thirst” (John 19:28)
  • “Father, forgive them” (Luke 23:34)
  • “Father, into Your hands I commit my Spirit” (Luke 23:46)
  • “It is finished” (John 19:30)
  • Seven loaves and seven baskets of food left over (Mark 8:5-8)
  • Seven brothers in the parable (Matthew 22:23-32)
  • Seven letters to seven churches (Revelation 1:4)
  • Seven bowls (Revelation 16:1)
  • Seven seals (Revelation 6:1)
  • Seven trumpets (Revelation 8:6)
  • 12 – fullness
  • Twelve disciples (Matthew 10:2-4)
  • Twelve baskets of food left over (Mark 6:30-44)
  • 24 (12 x 2) elders (Revelation 19:4)
  • Twelve gates (Revelation 21:12)
  • 40 – testing/trial/preparation
  • Forty days of Jesus fasting (Matthew 4:1-2)
  • Jesus appeared for forty days after His resurrection (Acts 1:3)

implications for today

While the intentional use of some of these numbers as a literary device is undeniable, not all agree on the purpose of the numerical patterns. Conservative scholars note that extra-biblical literature also uses many similar numbers for literary purposes, indicating that much care should be used in determining the particular reason a number is used. The Bible is clear, however, that God's Word does not intend to communicate secret messages but is designed to instruct, inform, and to equip people to live for Him (2 Timothy 3:16-17, Ephesians 4:11-12).

understand

  • Biblical numerology studies recurring numbers and their meanings.
  • These numerical patterns are designed to highlight God's character or something of importance.
  • The Bible’s primary intent is to instruct and equip believers for living according to God’s will, not to convey hidden messages.

reflect

  • How does biblical numerology encourage you that God has made clear what He wants you to know?
  • What does biblical numerology reveal about God’s character and the way He communicates with us?
  • How might recognizing biblical numerology enhance your understanding of Scripture?

engage

  • How did the cultural context of biblical times shape the significance of specific numbers?
  • How does numerology as a literary device contribute to the Bible's overall message?
  • How can we recognize biblical numerology without reading too much into it?