What does John 1:14 mean when it says the Word became flesh?

from the old testament

• Genesis 1 records God speaking creation into existence. “God said” is used multiple times in the chapter to communicate God creating by speaking, such as “And God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light” (Genesis 1:3). John 1:1–5 connects to this: Jesus is the Word through whom everything was created. “In him was life, and the life was the light of men” (John 1:4).
• Psalm 33:6 reinforces the message of Genesis: “By the word of the Lord the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their host.” John 1 iterates that “In the beginning was the Word” and that “All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made.” Jesus is the Word, the second person of the Trinity through whom everything was created.
• Isaiah 55:10–11 expresses how God’s word accomplishes His purpose: “For as the rain and the snow come down from heaven and do not return there but water the earth, making it bring forth and sprout, giving seed to the sower and bread to the eater, so shall my word be that goes out from my mouth; it shall not return to me empty, but it shall accomplish that which I purpose, and shall succeed in the thing for which I sent it.” God’s word as a creative force is echoed in John 1, where Jesus, the Word of God, accomplishes all.

from the new testament

• John 1:14 says, “And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.” The "Word" here is the Greek term logos, indicating the entirety of a message, similar to a concept or an idea. Philosophically, it means the totality of a message rather than a specific "word." John presents Jesus—the Word—as the complete message God sent to earth. Translators capitalize "the Word" because John so strongly associates Jesus with God's message that it becomes a personification of Jesus, who is both fully God and fully human—God in the flesh (Matthew 1:23; Romans 8:3; Philippians 2:5–11).
• Luke 4:36 records the reaction of those who witnessed Jesus’ teaching in the synagogue and His expelling a demon from a man: “And they were all amazed and said to one another, ‘What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!’” Logos is the Greek for the “word” used in this verse. It’s the same word used in John 1:14. In both verses, it means the complete message. Jesus came in the flesh, as a human, yet also showed His power as God the Son.
• The parable of the wicked tenants in Luke 20:13–14 is a metaphor for God the Father sending God the Son to earth as a man: “Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my beloved son; perhaps they will respect him.’ But when the tenants saw him, they said to themselves, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, so that the inheritance may be ours.’” This parable shows that Israel rejected God’s prophets and killed the Son He had sent to them in the flesh.
• Hebrews 4:15 conveys the blessing we have from Jesus coming to earth and living as a man: “For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sin.” Having been in the flesh, Jesus knows and sympathizes with the temptations we face.

implications for today

Skeptics often say that if only God were to reveal Himself, if they could only see God, then they would believe. But God did come in the flesh (John 1:14). He lived among people. He was tempted yet never yielded to temptation. He lived a sinless life, and there were witnesses to His glorious presence. Yet many still rejected him. Today, many still reject God despite His presence all around us (Romans 1:20). Knowing all this, Jesus still came in the flesh and died for our sins, so we could have access to the Father. Unlike God’s people of the Old Testament, we don’t need a human priest to intervene for us. Our great High Priest, Jesus, is our Mediator (Hebrews 4:14). In short, those who want a relationship with the Lord can have one. If you seek Him, you will find Him (Proverbs 8:17; Hebrews 11:6). When we accept Christ as Savior, we have the inner witness of the Holy Spirit assuring us of our status as children of God (Romans 8:16). Daily Bible reading helps us to know God better because it reveals His character (Romans 10:17). Regular prayer allows us to draw closer to God, not only to bring our petitions, but also to reflect on and praise Him for His goodness and mercy. God is not hidden. God the Son revealed Himself in history, in the flesh. He lives today, and those who accept Him as Lord can experience “the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding” (Philippians 4:7).