What is a Nazirite vow?

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TL;DR:

A Nazirite vow was a specific Old Testament pledge of total devotion to God, marked by separation through no wine, no haircuts, and no contact with the dead. Nazirite vows are no longer in effect, but believers are called to live visibly set apart for God.

what does the bible say?

The word "Nazarite" comes from the Hebrew word nazir, which means to be separated or consecrated. The Nazarite vow was a pledge of dedication to God, a form of worship. Numbers 6 describes the requirements for those who took the vow: their hair could not be cut (v. 5); they needed to refrain from wine, grapes, and other grape products (vv. 3-4); and they could not have contact with a dead body (vv. 6-7). The vow was generally voluntary and temporary. Though Numbers 6:2 indicates that men and women could take the Nazarite vow, the Bible mentions only some men who did. Though the general pattern of the vow was as voluntary and temporary, Samson was under a Nazarite vow from birth and remained under it throughout his life (Judges 13:5). This is also likely the case for Samuel (1 Samuel 1:11) and John the Baptist (Luke 1:15) based on what Scripture implies in the accounts preceding each man's birth. Though the Nazarite vow was only part of the Mosaic Law, believers today are still called to be separate from the world and live holy lives unto God (1 Peter 1:15).

from the old testament

Generally, the Nazarite vow was voluntary, temporary pledge of dedication to God that involved not cutting one's hair, abstaining from wine and other grape products, and not going near a dead body (Numbers 6:1-21). Both men and women could take the vow (Numbers 6:2), though the Bible doesn't record any women who took the vow.
Some key figures in Scripture, such as Samson (Judges 13:5), were Nazarites from birth and remained that way throughout their lives. The Bible implies that Samuel may also have been a Nazarite since his mother Hannah vowed, "I will give him to the Lord all the days of his life, and no razor shall touch his head" (1 Samuel 1:11).
The Nazarite vow was a special dedication to God. But even without that vow, God's people are called to be holy because God is holy: "You shall be holy, for I the Lord your God am holy" (Leviticus 19:2).

from the new testament

Scripture also implies that John the Baptist was a Nazarite. In foretelling John's birth to Zechariah, the angel says, "And he must not drink wine or strong drink" (Luke 1:15; cf. Matthew 11:18). That restriction implies that John was a Nazarite from birth.
Though the Nazarite vow was part of the Old Testament Mosaic Law, the same concept of being separated unto God applies to believers. Paul tells believers to "present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship" (Romans 12:1).
Likewise, Peter reminds God's people, "as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct" (1 Peter 1:15). Believers today aren't called to take a Nazarite vow, but we are called to be a holy people who point a dying world to a holy God.

implications for today

"You've been chosen . . ." What a letdown that email SUBJECT line is when you realize it's just another credit card offer or customer service survey. But there's no disappointment for believers when they realize that they are among those whom God has chosen to shower His grace on, has set apart as His own. Maybe Samson and Samuel and John the Baptist felt that way once they were old enough to realize that God had set them apart for Himself under a Nazarite vow.

Today, believers don't take Nazarite vows, but we are to still called to be set apart from the world. We do that by how we live our lives and interact with others. When we choose forgiveness over bitterness, humility over pride, and obedience over convenience, we begin to reflect the character of the One who called us. When we pray for our enemies (Matthew 5:44) and truly love one another in the body of Christ (John 13:35), people take notice. In the world of corruption and compromise, God’s people stand out, not by external vows but by everyday faithfulness that should point others to Christ.

understand

The Nazarite vow under the Mosaic Law was generally voluntary and temporary and required the one taking the vow to abstain from wine and grape products, not cut his or her hair, and avoid contact with a dead body.
Though the Nazarite vow was usually voluntary and temporary, three key Bible figures were lifelong Nazarites from birth: Samson, Samuel, and John the Baptist.
Though Christians are not subject to Nazarite vows since they are not under the Mosaic Law, believers are to be holy and set-apart for God.

reflect

What does being "set apart" for God look like in your life?
What are some ways that your dedication to God and the way you live points others to Christ?
Where in your life are you most tempted to blend in with the world instead of living distinctly for God?

engage

How do believers today practically live out the call to be “holy and set apart”?
How can believers be a light to the world but avoid becoming self-righteous?
In what ways can we encourage holiness that is authentic and Christ-centered rather than legalistic or outward-focused?

More Resources

New Testament

What does it mean to not conform to the pattern of this world (Romans 12:2)?

Not conforming to the world means not conforming to the sinful patterns of the world system, that which is against God. The sinful world system is not to inform our way of thinking or behaving; instead, our minds must be transformed by God to reflect His ways.

Christian life

How can I live a holy life?

Living a holy life is possible when we surrender to Christ and are empowered by the Holy Spirit to walk in obedience. Though we will still sin, God’s grace and forgiveness enable us to keep growing in holiness and glorify Him in our daily lives.

Theology

Is being holy even possible since only God is holy?

Being holy means being set apart by God and reflecting who He is to the world; it does not mean being perfect. Christians are made holy positionally at salvation and live that out as we are transformed into Christ’s likeness over time.

Theology

What is holiness according to the Bible? How can I be holy?

Holiness means being set apart to reflect God’s character. Holiness is both a positional reality and a calling to live differently from the world, by the power of His Spirit and by growing more like Christ each day.