What does it mean that Jesus is the door/the gate (John 10:7, 9)?

from the old testament

• Jesus was speaking against the background of false protectors of God’s people. As He was preparing to take them into exile, God told Ezekiel to provide a specific rebuke for the “shepherds of Israel” who were using their position to help themselves and harm the sheep (Ezekiel 34:2–6).
• God then promised to step in and care for His sheep, saying, “Behold, I, I myself will search for my sheep and will seek them out. As a shepherd seeks out his flock when he is among his sheep that have been scattered, so will I seek out my sheep, and I will rescue them from all places where they have been scattered on a day of clouds and thick darkness” (Ezekiel 34:11–12).
• He also said that He would send a shepherd called “my servant David,” a reference to Jesus who was in the line of David: “I will set up over them one shepherd, my servant David, and he shall feed them: he shall feed them and be their shepherd” (Ezekiel 34:23).

from the new testament

• In John 10, Jesus connected back to Old Testament imagery by calling Himself the “good shepherd” (John 10:14). In the same context, He also described Himself as the door. Being the door referred to protecting and saving his sheep.
• The previous context explains why Jesus switched to the imagery of the sheepfold and the shepherd. In John 9, He had healed a blind man (John 9:6–7). The news that Jesus had performed the miracle spread to the Pharisees, so they brought the healed man in for questioning (John 9:13–17). However, it was clear they didn’t believe in the miracle and tried to force the man to say that Jesus was a sinner, which he would not do (John 9:24–33). In anger, the leaders threw the man out (John 9:34). Jesus found the man and explained that He came to spiritually heal the blind, referring to salvation. However, referring to the Pharisees, Jesus told the man that some acted as if they could see but were in fact blind (John 9:39–41).
• At that point, Jesus began using the illustration of sheep to explain who He was and who the false teachers were. He began by commenting that “he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door but climbs in by another way, that man is a thief and a robber” (John 10:1). He meant the Pharisees who thought they could see but were blind. They were trying to gain access to those who could see, believers, to discredit Jesus.
• However, Jesus said that a true shepherd enters through the door (John 10:2). While He later says that He is the good shepherd, He begins by calling Himself the door, saying, “I am the door of the sheep. All who came before me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them” (John 10:7–8). In the first century, in a village, sheep would be protected by a wall and a single door. As the “door,” Jesus was saying that He is that single point of entry. Whereas previous people, such as the Jewish leaders, had claimed to be shepherds, they were like thieves climbing over walls. They did not protect the sheep; instead, they tried to rob them.
• So, Jesus being the door meant He was the one limiting access to the sheep, protecting them. However, Jesus was also talking about how one enters the sheepfold. In John 10:9, He said, “I am the door. If anyone enters by me, he will be saved and will go in and out and find pasture.” Whereas the first use of “door” referred to His protection, in this second instance, it refers to His being the entry point that others (for example, John 10:16) who are currently not saved must pass through (cf. John 14:6).

implications for today

Jesus spoke to the religious leaders of His day, who should have been leading the Jews to Him. Instead, they were leading them away from Him. We have many religious leaders today who are doing the same thing. Some teach a form of general spirituality: that there are many paths to salvation. They are self-deceived and deceive others into believing that there are alternative ways to God. Others teach that their great leader is the final prophet, or that Jesus returned spiritually, or any number of other cultic or heretical views. Each teaches that Jesus’ work was not the culmination of God’s salvation, only a road marker along the way, and that God needed to provide more than the Bible.

Yet others hold the same ancient, Christian pedigree as true Christianity but along the way, they replaced grace and the free gift of salvation with meritorious works and earned favor. They teach that Jesus’ death is not enough and that human effort and personal suffering must make up the difference. Still others are enamored with emotionalism and experiential Christianity. For them, God’s truth is found in experience, making feelings rather than Scripture their guide. Finally, some are not spiritual leaders, per se. Instead, they teach a religious devotion to materialism and scientific reasoning as the way to true knowledge. They teach that any submission to God as Creator should be rejected.

In each instance, these teachers are like those climbing over the walls in Jesus’ parables. However, there is only one way to salvation, and it’s through the door, that is, through Jesus. To enter, you must confess your sin and truly believe that Jesus’ death was sufficient to pay the penalty your sin deserves. Don’t climb, don’t wander, and don’t be misled—enter through the only door while it is still open.